Internet Medieval Sourcebook
Selected Sources: The Crusades
Contents
- General
- Background
- The First Crusade
- Urban II's Speech, 1095
- Attacks on the Jews
- The Journeys and Battles of the Crusade
- The Historians of the First Crusade
- "Crusades" after the First Crusade
- The Kingdom of Jerusalem
- Government
- Economics
- Cultures
- Christian Muslim Interaction
- The Crusader Orders
- General
- Templars
- Hospitallers
- Teutonic Knights
- The Second Crusade and Aftermath
- Calling the Crusade
- Successes and Failures
- Criticism of the Crusade
- The Third Crusade
- Latin Problems
- The Loss of Jerusalem
- The Failure of Europe's Monarchs
- The German Crusade of 1197
- The Fourth Crusade
- The Fifth and Later Crusades
- St Louis' Crusades
- The Fall of the Latin East
- The Effects of the
Crusade Ideal in the West
General
Background
The First Crusade
There are many translations of texts about the First Crusade. Dana C. Munro
["Urban and the Crusaders", Translations and Reprints from the Original
Sources of European History, Vol 1:2, (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania,
1895)] and August. C. Krey, [The First Crusade: The Accounts of Eyewitnesses and
Participants, (Princeton: 1921)] both translated selections of crusader sources
organized around events. There have been more recent translation of many of these texts
[see WEB Crusader
Sources in Translation], but they are still copyrighted. Here the texts by Krey and
Munro are presented in two ways: first as printed - with collected texts from various
historians on a specific issue; and then with all the available texts from each historian
collected together.
- Urban II's Speech, 1095
- Attacks on the Jews
- The Journeys and Battles of the Crusade
- The First Crusade: A short narrative from contemporary sources [At De Re Militari] [Internet Archive version here]
- Peter the Hermit and the Popular Crusade: Collected
Accounts.
Accounts of Guibert de Nogent, William of Tyre, Albert of Aix, Ekkhard of Aura, Anna
Comnena, and the Gesta.
- The Crusaders Journey to Constantinople: Collected
Accounts.
Accounts of the Gesta, Albert of Aix, and Raymond d'Aguiliers.
- The Crusaders at Constantinople: Collected Accounts.
Accounts of Anna Comnena, the Gesta, Albert of Aix, and Raymond d'Aguiliers.
- Anna Comnena: On A Rude Crusader .
(Geary includes more (copyrighted) material than this extract.)
- The Siege and Capture of Nicea: Collected Accounts.
Accounts of The Gesta, Raymond d'Aguiliers, Anna Comnena, and Alexius I' Letter
to Abbot of Monte Cassino.
- The Siege and Capture of Antioch: Collected Accounts.
Accounts of The Gesta and Raymond d'Aguiliers.
- Peter Tudebode: The Battle for Antioch in the First Crusade (1097-98) according to Peter Tudebode [At De Re Militari] [Internet Archive version here]
- The Siege and Capture of Jerusalem: Collected Accounts.
Accounts of The Gesta, Raymond d'Aguiliers, Letters of Manasses II, Pope Paschal
II, and account of Fulcher of Chartres.
- Fulcher (Fulk) of Chartres: The
Capture of Jerusalem, 1099.
- Crusader Letters.
- The Historians of the First Crusade
- "Crusades" after the First Crusade
The Kingdom of Jerusalem
- WEB The French of Outremer [Fordham]
- WEB The Crusader States [Fordham]
- WEB Revised Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani
Plans to be a calendar of all the charters, other legal or formal documents and letters that were composed between 1098 and 1291 in the Latin kingdoms of Jerusalem, Cyprus and Cilician Armenia, the principality of Antioch and the counties of Edessa and Tripoli.
- WEB Manuscripts in the Libraries of the Greek and Armenian Patriarchates in Jerusalem [LOC]
- Government
- Economics
- Cultures
- Christian Muslim Interaction
The Crusader Orders
- General
- Templars
- Hospitallers
- Teutonic Knights
- Documents relating to the Baltic Crusade 1199-1266
The Second Crusade and
Aftermath
- Calling the Crusade
- Successes and Failures
- Cafarro: The Genoese expedition to Almeria, 1147 [At De Re Militari] [Internet Archive version here]
- Osbernus: De expugnatione Lyxbonensi [The Capture of
Lisbon], 1147.
The first, and most lasting, military encounter of the Second Crusade was the Capture of
Lisbon.
- The Conquest of Lisbon - De Expugnatione Lyxbonensi, trans. Charles Wendell David, full text, (Columbia UP, 1936) PDF [marked as public domain by Google books]
- Conrad III: Letters to the Abbot of Corvey, 1148.
On the failures of the Germans' Crusade.
- Odo of Deuil: The Crusade of Louis VII.
Odo, Louis VII's chaplain, recounts the preaching of St. Bernard, and the journey of the
army.
- William of Tyre: The Fiasco at Damascus, 1148.
- Criticism of the Crusade
The Third Crusade
- Military Backgrounds
- Latin Problems
- The Loss of Jerusalem
- The Failure of Europe's Monarchs
- The Crusade of Richard I, 1189-92: Extracts from the Itinerarium Ricardi, Bohâdin, Ernoul, Roger of Howden, Richard of Devizes, Rigord, Ibn Alathîr, Li Livres, Eracles, Etc. trans Thomas Andrew Archer (1912) PDF [Internet Archive]
- The Song of the Siege of Acre 1187, trans Patrick DeBrosse [At Crusader States] [Internet Archive version here]
- Henry II, King of England: The Saladin Tithe,
1188
- The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: Letters,
1189.
Letters by Frederick I and Ex-Queen Sibylla blaming the Byzantine Emperor for problems.
- A Naval Battle near Acre (1190) [At De Re Militari] [Internet Archive version here]
- Historia de Expeditione Frederici Imperatoris: Death of Frederick Barbarossa, 1190.
- Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi: Richard
the Lion-Hearted Conquers Cyprus, 1191.
- Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi: The
Siege and Capture of Acre, 1191.
- Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi: Philip Augustus Returns to France, 1191.
- Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi: Muslim Hostages Slain at Acre, 1191.
- Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi: Richard
the Lionheart Makes Peace with Saladin,
- Two accounts of the conquest of Cyprus by Richard I (1191) [At De Re Militari] [Internet Archive version here]
- The German Crusade of 1197
- The German Crusade, 1197.
Letter of the Duke of Lorrain to the Archbishop of Cologne, 1197 - before the crusade was
checked by the death of Henry VI.
The Fourth Crusade
The Fifth and Later Crusades
After the Fourth Crusade, the nature of the movement changed. Never again was there a
general multinational crusade directed at the Holy Land. The experiences of 1187-92 had
shown that Egypt was the base of Muslim power, and so expeditions were directed there. It
would be a mistake to see the end of crusading fervour however. During the thirteenth
century there were eight large expeditions, as well as other manifestations of crusading
ideas. None of these expeditions could avoid the effects of the rise of the Mongols and
Mamelukes in the Middle East - where armies increased in size and made the small Western
units meaningless. The eight thirteenth-century expeditions were:
- 1218, Andrew of Hungary's Crusade
- 1218-21, The Fifth Crusade
- 1228-29, Frederick II's Crusade
- 1239, Thibaut of Navarre's Crusade
- 1240-41, Richard of Cornwall's Crusade
- 1248-54, The Sixth Crusade - St. Louis's Crusade
- 1270-72, Edward of England's (Later Edward II) Crusade
- 1270 St. Louis's second Crusade [To Tunis]
- The Albigensian Crusade
- The Children's Crusade
- The Fifth Crusade
- Frederick II's Crusade
- The Decline of the Crusader States in the Levant
- St. Louis's Crusades
- The Fall of the Latin East
The Effects of the
Crusade Ideal in the West
NOTES: copyrighted means the text is not available for free distribution. Links to files at other site are indicated by [At some indication of the site name or
location]. No indication means that the text file is local. WEB indicates a link to one of
small number of high quality web sites which provide either more texts or an especially
valuable overview.
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© Site Concept and Design: Paul Halsall created 26 Jan 1996: latest revision 8 February 2023
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